| 
Brief information of  Eurasian Scythian Archaeological and 14C Data
 
Chronology of Eurasian Scythian Antiquities 
 
Born by New Archaeological and 14C Data 
A Yu. Alekseev1 • N A Bokovenko2 • Yu Boltrik3 • KA Chugunov4 • G Cook5 • V A Dergachev6 • N Kovalyukh7Pre-Scythian and Initial Scythian Epoch (9th to 7th centuries BC) Archaeological Data. Fig. 1 shows a spread of Cultures belonging to the Scythian Epoch and the boundaries of different landscape zones. Most sites are located between - 40°-55°N and 30°-110°E (Fig. 1 includes14C dated sites).• G Possnert8 • J van der Plicht9 • E M Scott10 • A Semeetsov2 • V Skripkin7 • S Vasiliev6 • G. Zaitseva2(A.Yu.Alekseev et al.) © 2001 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona
 Radiocarbon, Vol .43, No 2B, 2001, p 1085-1107
 Proceedings of the 17th International 14C Conference, edited by I Carml and E Boaretto
 
 
Scythian history can be subdivided into three periods: 
1st period - pre-Scythian and initial Scythian Epoch from the 9th to the middle of the 7th centuries BC 
2nd period - early Scythian Epoch from the 7th to the 6th centuries BC 
3rd period - classical Scythian Epoch from the 5th to the 4th centuries BC. 
Archaeological dating is based on:a) Typology, based on the dating of artifacts (smart prestige objects, wares, harness elements, objects of "animal style art" and so on).
 b) Dating of imported Greek ceramic and amphorae based mainly on the amphorae's brands.
 c) Historical-biographical methods (from written histories).
 d) Space-stratigraphical methods.
 
For the most part, monuments of the Great Steppe belt, consisting of Kazakhstan, Southern Ural, and Lower Itil River regions, until now have not been dated, as can be seen in Fig. 1. This fact makes difficult a chronological comparison of the nomadic Cultures in the Scythian Epoch over the whole territory of Eurasia. Hopefully, these gaps will be filled in the future. 
Fig. 1 Locations of 14C dated Scythian Epoch monuments in Eurasia |